PCB Blog - What is PWB electronics?

PWB electronic is a circuit board that uses conductive paste or chemical methods such as electroplating or etching conductive circuit patterns on an insulating substrate to configure its circuit arrangement. PWB is equipped with semiconductors, capacitors, and other components that play a crucial role through electrical connections.

PWB electronics

What are the main factors that affect the performance of PWB electronics?

1. Operation speed of PWB electronic

An important factor in the design of PWB electronic interconnections is the operating speed of electronic devices. In addition, the speed of the signal ratio is inversely proportional to the dielectric constant (DK) of the printed circuit board substrate material.

In addition, the flight time is called the propagation time of the signal, which is proportional to the length of the conductor and must be kept completely short to ensure that the electrical performance of the system is maintained at its optimal state. When above 25MHz, PWB electronic utilizes microstrip and stripline to achieve this goal.

2. Power consumption of PWB electronic

Increasing the number of gates and clock speed will lead to an increase in power consumption. In high-speed switching circuits, the current of the grounding circuit must be guided optimally. In addition, there must be a separate or different ground plane in multi-layer PWB electronics. This is mainly to ensure low resistance current flow. In addition, a different busbar system is also required. In addition, this is the preferred high-power circuit.

3. Thermal management

PWB electronic is a poor thermal conductor. Therefore, when using heat dissipation methods generated by printed circuit board power consumption, caution must be exercised. Metal plugs, as well as conductive surfaces, hot holes, and heat sinks, are excellent technologies in PWB Electronics.

Main Materials and Manufacturing Processes of PWB Electronic

The main materials of PWB include a substrate, printing layer, conductive layer, surface protection layer, etc. The substrate is usually made of glass fiber-reinforced plastic or epoxy resin. The printing layer and conductive layer are usually made of organic adhesive or metal foil. The surface protection layer is usually made of welding resistance oil or copper coated protective layer.

The manufacturing process of PWB Electronic includes printing, gold plating, drilling, copper coating, exposure, etching, drilling, welding, testing, etc. Among them, printing and exposure are the most critical process steps for producing PWB. The quality of printing and exposure directly affects the circuit performance and reliability of PWB.

In addition to the main process steps mentioned above, the manufacturing of PWB also requires the use of a large amount of equipment and raw materials. For example, laser proofing machines, automatic drilling machines, chemical copper plating wires, graphic layout software, etc.

Circuit Design and Layout Technology of PWB Electronic

The circuit design and layout of PWB are key to achieving good circuit performance and reliability. The circuit design should comply with the circuit layout and interface requirements, ensuring the connectivity and interconnection of circuit components. The circuit layout should follow the laws of signal transmission and the principle of preventing interference, ensuring the stability and anti-interference ability of the circuit.

Circuit design and layout require the use of professional EDA software, such as PADS, Altium Designer, etc. EDA software can simulate and test circuits, helping designers quickly identify circuit clocks and avoid design errors and loopholes.

In addition to software tools, the circuit design and layout of PWB Electronic also require the professional knowledge and rich experience of engineers. In the process of circuit design and layout, factors such as component selection, board area, wiring density, line width and distance, number of pins, and board thickness need to be considered.

PWB Assembly

PCB components are circuit boards on which manufacturers install all electronic components. In addition, it also provides a central hub to install all electronic components within the device. This assembly includes several steps. The PWB component has overcome the short circuit and lost any connection through the copper track.

The PWB component consists of many components. You will find components such as LEDs, batteries, and diodes in the PWB components. The manufacturing of printed circuit board components is a complex process that requires many steps.

A printed circuit board is a type of printed circuit board that contains electronic components. In PWBA, manufacturers use welding processes to connect components to circuit boards. In addition, PWB components must be able to withstand environmental and mechanical stresses during normal operation. PWBA is a complete circuit board that has undergone component placement, welding process, and inspection.

PWB Assembly Process

The assembly process of road rollers includes different stages. Manufacturers need to carefully execute these stages to achieve functional PWB components. It is important to integrate these stages correctly. In addition, you must consider the output to input results at each stage. This will help you maintain quality throughout the entire PWB assembly process. You can also detect and correct errors in the early stages.

Solder paste

This is the first stage of PWB assembly. The manufacturer adds solder paste to all areas that require welding. Before installing the component on PWB, you must do so. The component solder pad is the area that requires solder paste. Solder paste is a mixture of flux and tin particles.

The assembler places the solder screen on the PWB. The flow channel passes through the screen and deposits the solder paste onto the screen through the holes on the board. Assembly workers must control the amount of solder paste to ensure that the amount of solder paste is appropriate.

Location of components

This is an important stage in the PWB electronic assembly process. This stage includes placing components on PWB. The electronic components are installed on the PWB. Here, the manufacturer welds the components onto the surface of the circuit board. In those days, this process was manual. The assembler uses tweezers to select and place components on PWB. However, technology has improved many things.

Nowadays, PWB assemblers use machines to select and place components. The machine automatically places electronic components on top of the solder paste in the pre-programmed area.

Reflow soldering

Here, the solder paste must solidify. The solder paste and installed components must be kept in place. The PWB assembler achieves this through "reflow". After placing the components, the assembler transfers the board to the conveyor belt. This belt passes through the reflux furnace. This type of oven is similar to a commercial pizza oven.

The reflux oven includes various heaters. These heaters heat the wiring board to the appropriate temperature. The solder paste melts at this stage. The melted solder is then cooled and solidified through a cooling heater.

Inspection and Testing

The inspection process of PWB electronic may take time, but it is worth it. After completing all assembly processes, it is necessary to inspect the single board. A thorough inspection can help you detect any defects or errors in PWB components. You can perform an automatic optical inspection on the printed wiring board components. This process detects faulty joints, misaligned components, and more.

In addition to automatic optical detection; There are also other types of inspections. Visual inspection and X-ray inspection are available. Your PWB will also pass some tests.

PWB electronic is a substrate used for connecting and fixing electronic components, with circuit patterns and component layouts printed on non-conductive or organic offset brush layers. PWB Electronics is widely used in various electronic products, such as computers, communication devices, consumer electronics, military electronics, etc.

The application fields of PWB electronics are very extensive. For example, in the aviation industry, PWB is needed to replace traditional wiring harness connections to reduce weight and improve reliability. The PWB electronic communication equipment needs to have high frequency, low dissipation, and high transparency characteristics to ensure signal transmission quality. The PWB is electronic in consumer electronics and needs to be miniaturized, lightweight, highly integrated, and cost-effective. The application of PWB electronics in various fields is becoming increasingly widespread, posing higher requirements for its manufacturing process and design technology.