PCBA Tech - What components are included in the electrical panel?

The electrical panel includes multiple receiving ends of cable connectors, which are connected to their respective receiving ends in a given order and disconnected in the opposite order. The panel component includes a flat panel component with an opening for receiving and accommodating member receivers located behind each hole in the panel. The panel members and the reception shell members form a molded part as a whole.

Each opening of the electrical panel is equipped with a rotatable cover between the closed and open positions. A connector and receiver are known types of contacts connected, which rotate relative to the connector and receiver when the connector is paired at the receiving end. The polarizer associated with each receiver and cable connector ensures that each connector cable can be coupled to its receiver.

What components are included in the electrical panel?

1. Capacitor

After the resistor, capacitors may be the most common component on the electrical panel, but compared to resistors, we use fewer capacitors. The basic function of a capacitor is to store charges within it. The capacitor consists of two metal plates with a dielectric between them. The two plates store opposite charges, and the dielectric helps to separate them. In this way, the current begins to flow through the circuit.

There are multiple classification methods for capacitors. However, we mainly classify capacitors based on their dielectric materials. This is because dielectric materials are responsible for imparting key characteristics to capacitors; The denser the dielectric material, the more charges a capacitor can store on its board; This is why we tend to use high-quality materials to manufacture capacitors to obtain higher capacitance. A typical capacitor has two wires protruding from a metal plate We use these wires to integrate capacitors into the circuit.

2. Resistance

We often use resistors in most PCB projects, and most of us are familiar with their functions; Resistors are one of the most commonly used components on electrical panels, and they are very popular and quite easy to use. The flow of current, therefore, helps to dissipate electrical energy in the form of heat through resistors. There are several types of resistors and their classification methods are also different. The manufacturing materials of resistors usually vary because we use different materials for different purposes.

3. Potentiometer

Potentiometers are advanced forms of simple resistors. Simple resistors have fixed resistance values However, the resistance value of the potentiometer can be changed as needed. There are many types of Potentiometers, but the most common ones are linear and rotary. You can change the resistance of the linear Potentiometer by dragging the linear slider. On the rotary potentiometer, you can rotate the knob to change the resistance. When the slider moves on the basic resistance of a semicircle, the resistance will change.

We often use rotary Potentiometers in our daily applications. One of the most common applications is to use them in circular faders in music players and similar audio devices. They work by controlling the amount of current transferred to the amplifier. When designing complex devices with potentiometers, their performance needs to be changed through fine-tuning.

4. Inductor

Inductors are one of the three members of passive linear components on electrical panel, with the other two being capacitors and resistors. Inductors are mainly used to store energy in them, but they store energy by generating a magnetic field, while capacitors are used to store energy by using static electricity to obtain energy. There are many types of inductors there, some of which are very simple, while others are very complex. However, metal coils are the most common and easy to understand inductors you encounter. The magnetic field that a coil may generate depends on the number of turns of the coil, therefore, the larger the number of turns, the greater the inductance.

We often see inductors wound around some magnetic cores, which have different shapes and sizes, and their main purpose is to enhance the magnetic field when current passes through the conductor. Therefore, this magnetic core can enable us to completely filter. Block specific signals. This is very useful for us as we can use it for many applications, including reducing interference with communication devices and extending battery life.

5. Diode

Diodes are one of the most important components in electrical panels, with the main purpose of allowing current to flow only in the set direction. Current can flow from the positive terminal to the negative terminal, and vice versa, but cannot occur simultaneously. Therefore, diodes can achieve this by providing infinite resistance in one direction and zero resistance in the other direction. Therefore, we can use this function to prevent the flow of current in unwanted directions. One of the most popular diodes is LEDs (commonly known as light-emitting diodes), which we mainly use to emit light and are easy to solder However, we must adjust their direction correctly, otherwise, the LED may not light up.

6. Transformer

They are one of the most important components in electrical panel, and transformers are mainly used to transfer electrical energy from one device to another. When we transmit electrical energy through multiple configurations, it increases or decreases. This increase or decrease is often observed in the voltage. The transformer includes a metal core, similar to what we see in ordinary inductors There will always be a series of coils around the metal core There are at least two coils, one serving as the secondary coil and the other as the primary coil. The secondary coil refers to the configuration through which electrical energy will pass.

We often see transformers on large poles, which are called industrial transformers, used to reduce the voltage when passing through the line. This reduction is usually within the range of hundreds of thousands, so this voltage becomes available in our daily work.

7. Transistors

As is well known, most electronic experts attribute transistors to the fundamental components of electrons, which are important components of circuit boards, and billions of transistors can be found within a single IC. However, we should not view them as complex tools. On the contrary, they are ordinary electrical switches and simple amplifiers, with different shapes and sizes of transistors, but the most common type is bipolar transistors. Other categories include PNP and NPN variants.

8. Integrated Circuit

They are key components of electrical panels, so when we shrink certain circuits and electronic components and then embed them in semiconductor thin films, they are called integrated circuits. They enable us to embed many electronic components in a single chip, and this astonishing capacity enables us to manufacture the first batch of calculators. Therefore, now they enable us to manufacture the most advanced intelligent devices and revolutionary supercomputers. Integrated circuits serve as central processing units, or essentially the brain of larger circuits. There are different types of integrated circuits, but most of them are in black plastic shells.

9. Switches and Relays

They are the most basic components on electrical panel, but we often forget their importance: switches allow us to control the current in any given circuit; The switch allows us to move between closed and open circuits. They come in various shapes and sizes However, the most common ones include sliders, levers, keys, buttons, and rotary devices. On the other hand, Electronegativity switches are called relays. The relay operates through a solenoid, so when current flows through, the solenoid acts as a temporary magnet. Therefore, they are used as switches and can therefore improve a larger amount of current.

10. Sensors

Sensors refer to circuit board components that can detect changes in their atmosphere. Once such changes are detected, they tend to generate a signal to reflect these changes. Then, these electronic signals are sent to different components of the circuit board, so sensors convert physical energy into electrical energy. Therefore, we often consider sensors as transducers (because they can convert energy into another type of energy).

Electrical panels are an important component of electrical equipment, and their main purpose is to control and protect circuits. Electrical panels can integrate complex components.